Deuteronomy 11:23 - Conquest through divine promise?

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi (Devarim 11:23) explains that the phrase "וְהוֹרִישׁ יְהוָה" ("then will the Lord drive out") refers to Hashem's promise to remove the Canaanite nations from the land so that Bnei Yisrael can inherit it. He emphasizes that this is contingent upon the Jewish people's adherence to mitzvot, as stated in the preceding verses. The term "וִירִשְׁתֶּם" ("and you shall possess") implies a gradual conquest, as the land would not be emptied all at once (based on Shemot 23:30).

Rambam's Perspective

In Mishneh Torah (Hilchot Melachim 5:1), Rambam discusses the commandment to conquer Eretz Yisrael and the divine assistance promised. He explains that the verse underscores Hashem's role in ensuring victory over nations "greater and mightier" than Israel, demonstrating that military success is not dependent on human strength alone but on divine providence.

Midrashic Interpretation

The Sifrei (Devarim 43) elaborates that the phrase "גּוֹיִם גְּדֹלִים וַעֲצֻמִים מִכֶּם" ("greater nations and mightier than yourselves") teaches that the Canaanite nations were indeed more powerful than Israel in natural terms. However, their expulsion was a miracle, illustrating that Hashem fights for Israel when they are worthy. The Midrash also connects this to the merit of the Avot (forefathers) and the covenant at Har Sinai.

Ibn Ezra's Insight

Ibn Ezra (Devarim 11:23) notes that the verse serves as both a promise and a warning. The conquest is assured, but only if Bnei Yisrael remain faithful. He highlights the contrast between the nations' physical might and Israel's spiritual strength when aligned with Hashem's will.

Halachic Implications

• The verse is foundational for the mitzvah of settling Eretz Yisrael (Sefer HaChinuch, Mitzvah 425).
• It also informs the laws of warfare as detailed in Sanhedrin 20a, where the rabbis derive parameters for milchemet mitzvah (obligatory wars).