Numbers 35:1 - Divine command near Jericho

Location of Divine Communication

The verse describes Hashem speaking to Moshe in the plains of Moav by the Jordan near Yericho. Rashi (Bamidbar 22:1) explains that this location is significant because it was the final stop before Bnei Yisrael would enter Eretz Yisrael. The plains of Moav represent a transitional space between the wilderness and the Promised Land, marking the culmination of the 40-year journey.

Symbolism of the Plains of Moav

The Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 19:1) notes that the plains (ערבות) of Moav allude to the concept of "aravut" (ערבות) - mutual responsibility. This teaches that the Torah was given to Klal Yisrael in a state of collective responsibility, where each Jew is accountable for another. The Ramban (Bamidbar 33:48) adds that this location was chosen specifically to contrast with the idolatrous practices of Moav, emphasizing the purity of Torah revelation.

Proximity to Yericho

The mention of Yericho is significant according to the Talmud (Sotah 34b), as Yericho was the first city to be conquered in Eretz Yisrael. This positioning hints that Moshe was being shown the Land even as he was prevented from entering it, as explained in Devarim 34:1-4. The Kli Yakar (Bamidbar 22:1) suggests this was meant to inspire the people as they prepared for conquest.

Chronological Context

• The Sforno notes this communication occurred in the 40th year, 11th month (Devarim 1:3), marking the final month of Moshe's life.
• Ibn Ezra emphasizes that this was after the war with Midian (Bamidbar 31) and the settlement of Reuven and Gad (Bamidbar 32), showing the sequence of events leading to entry into the Land.
• The Ohr HaChaim highlights that this location was where Bilaam attempted to curse Israel (Bamidbar 22-24), now transformed into a place of divine blessing.