Numbers 3:14 - Divine command in Sinai's wilderness

Location of Divine Revelation

The verse states that Hashem spoke to Moshe "in the wilderness of Sinai". Rashi (Bamidbar 1:1) explains that the Torah emphasizes this location to teach that the Torah was given in a desolate, ownerless place. This conveys that Torah is accessible to all who seek it, just as the wilderness is open to everyone. The Midrash Tanchuma (Bamidbar 1) expands on this idea, stating that had the Torah been given in Eretz Yisrael, the nations might claim exclusive rights to it. By giving it in the wilderness, it demonstrates that Torah belongs to all who accept it.

Significance of Sinai

The Rambam (Moreh Nevuchim 3:24) notes that Sinai was chosen as the site of revelation because its stark, humble environment symbolized the ideal state for receiving Torah—free from distractions and material concerns. The Talmud (Shabbat 89b) further explains that the name "Sinai" is derived from "sinah" (hatred), alluding to the fact that the nations' hatred of Israel stems from their acceptance of the Torah at this mountain.

The Wilderness as a Spiritual Preparation

The Sforno (Bamidbar 1:1) teaches that the wilderness was a place of testing and refinement for Bnei Yisrael. Just as the desert lacks physical comforts, the acceptance of Torah requires detachment from worldly excesses. The Ohr HaChaim (Bamidbar 1:1) adds that the wilderness represents humility, a prerequisite for Torah study, as one must empty oneself of arrogance to properly absorb divine wisdom.

Divine Communication with Moshe

• Rashi (Shemot 19:3): The phrase "And the Lord spoke to Moshe" underscores Moshe's unique prophetic stature—Hashem communicated with him directly and clearly, unlike other prophets who received visions or parables.
• Rambam (Yesodei HaTorah 7:6): Moshe's prophecy at Sinai was the highest level of divine communication, marked by absolute clarity and without intermediary angels.