Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Numbers 29:32 mean?
A: Numbers 29:32 describes the specific sacrifices brought on the seventh day of the festival of Sukkot (Tabernacles). According to Orthodox Jewish tradition, this verse details the additional offerings (musaf) of seven bulls, two rams, and fourteen unblemished lambs, following the Torah's command to increase joy during Sukkot (as explained in Talmud Sukkah 55b).
Q: Why does the number of sacrifices change each day of Sukkot?
A: The number of bulls decreases each day (from 13 on the first day to 7 on the seventh day) to symbolize the gradual drawing closer to Hashem during the festival. Rashi (Numbers 29:18) explains this follows the principle of 'diminishing holiness'—as we grow spiritually, fewer 'supports' (symbolized by bulls) are needed to reach divine connection.
Q: Why are all the animals required to be 'without blemish' (temimim)?
A: The Torah repeatedly emphasizes that sacrifices must be unblemished (Vayikra 22:21). Rambam (Guide for the Perplexed 3:46) teaches this represents giving our best to Hashem, both physically (perfect animals) and spiritually (wholehearted devotion). The Talmud (Menachot 27a) also derives laws of proper intent in mitzvot from this requirement.
Q: How is this verse relevant today without the Temple?
A: While we cannot bring sacrifices today, the Talmud (Berachot 26b) teaches that prayer corresponds to sacrifices. During Sukkot, we recite detailed descriptions of these offerings (in Musaf prayers) to remember the Temple service. The Midrash (Tanchuma Emor 14) also notes that studying these laws is considered as if we brought the sacrifices.
Q: What is the significance of the number 14 for the lambs?
A: Fourteen lambs (two daily for seven days) represent completeness in service of Hashem. The Zohar (Emor 103a) connects this to the double portion of manna (Exodus 16:22) before Shabbat, showing that Sukkot—a festival of divine protection—merits abundant blessings. The number also corresponds to the 14 key joints in the human body (Tikkunei Zohar 21), symbolizing total dedication.
Overview of the Verse
The verse (Numbers 29:32) describes the additional offerings (musafim) brought on the seventh day of Sukkot. These offerings include seven bulls, two rams, and fourteen unblemished lambs in their first year. This follows the pattern of decreasing bulls each day of Sukkot, as outlined in the preceding verses.
Rashi's Commentary
Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki) explains that the number of bulls decreases each day of Sukkot (from 13 on the first day to 7 on the seventh day) to symbolize the gradual reduction of the nations of the world, as the 70 bulls correspond to the 70 nations. The consistent number of rams and lambs represents the steadfastness of the Jewish people in their service to Hashem.
Symbolism of the Numbers
Rambam's Perspective
In Moreh Nevuchim (3:46), Rambam (Maimonides) suggests that the sacrificial system, including these offerings, was designed to wean the Israelites from idolatrous practices by channeling their worship toward Hashem in a structured manner. The decreasing number of bulls reflects a spiritual progression away from pagan influences.
Talmudic Insights
The Talmud (Sukkah 55b) states that the bulls of Sukkot atone for the nations of the world, highlighting the universal role of the Jewish people as a "light unto the nations." The consistent lambs and rams signify Israel's unwavering commitment, even as the influence of other nations wanes.