Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What is the meaning of the burnt offering (olah) mentioned in Numbers 28:27?
A: The burnt offering (olah) is a sacrifice that is completely burned on the altar, symbolizing total dedication to Hashem. Rashi explains that it is called 'olah' because it 'ascends' (from the root 'to go up') in smoke to Heaven. This offering expresses the desire to draw closer to Hashem through complete submission.
Q: Why does the verse specify the exact number of animals (2 bulls, 1 ram, 7 lambs)?
A: The Torah gives precise instructions to teach the importance of following divine commandments meticulously. The numbers correspond to the special Musaf (additional) offerings brought on Shavuot (as explained in the Talmud, Chagigah 17a). Each animal represents different spiritual concepts, and their quantities reflect the elevated nature of the festival.
Q: What does 'a sweet savour to the Lord' mean in this verse?
A: The phrase 'reiach nichoach' (sweet savour) does not mean Hashem physically smells the sacrifice. Rambam (Moreh Nevuchim 3:46) explains it metaphorically—it signifies that the offering is pleasing to Hashem when brought with proper intention. The Midrash (Vayikra Rabbah 27:6) compares it to a beloved fragrance, representing the Jewish people's devotion.
Q: How does this verse apply today without the Temple?
A: While we cannot bring sacrifices today, the Talmud (Berachos 17a) teaches that prayer replaces sacrifices. The verse reminds us to serve Hashem with the same wholehearted dedication symbolized by the olah. Rambam (Hilchos Tefillah 1:1) states that daily prayer corresponds to the Tamid (daily) offerings, maintaining our spiritual connection.
Q: Why are the lambs specified as 'first year' (bnei shanah)?
A: Rashi (on Vayikra 22:27) explains that animals in their first year represent freshness and newness in serving Hashem. The Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 21:11) adds that just as a lamb is pure and innocent, our service should be sincere and unblemished. This teaches that spiritual growth requires constant renewal of our commitment.
Overview of the Verse
The verse (Numbers 28:19) discusses the korban olah (burnt offering) brought on the second day of Pesach (Passover) as part of the additional offerings (musaf) for the festival. The Torah specifies the exact animals to be sacrificed: two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs in their first year. This offering is described as a "sweet savour to the Lord," indicating its acceptability before Hashem.
Explanation of the Offerings
Rashi (on Numbers 28:19) explains that these offerings are distinct from the daily tamid (continual) sacrifices and are additional to them. The two bulls, one ram, and seven lambs correspond to the unique sanctity of the festival. The Rambam (Hilchot Temidin uMusafin 10:14) elaborates that these offerings are obligatory and must be brought in addition to the korban pesach (Passover sacrifice).
Symbolism of the Numbers
The Concept of "Sweet Savour"
The phrase rei'ach nichoach ("sweet savour") is frequently used in connection with offerings. The Sforno explains that this term signifies the pleasure Hashem derives from the obedience and devotion of Bnei Yisrael in fulfilling His commandments. The Kli Yakar adds that the aroma metaphorically represents the spiritual elevation achieved through sincere service.
Halachic Implications
The Mishnah (Pesachim 6:1) and Talmud (Pesachim 59a) discuss the practical details of bringing these offerings, emphasizing that they must be brought during the day and follow specific procedures. The Rambam (Hilchot Korban Pesach 1:3) further clarifies that the musaf offerings do not override the korban pesach, and both must be brought in their proper time.