Genesis 7:12 - Divine judgment floods earth.

The Duration of the Flood

The verse states that the rain fell for "forty days and forty nights." According to Rashi (Bereshit 7:12), this period corresponds to the time it takes for the formation of a fetus—forty days from conception. This suggests that the flood was a form of rebirth for the world, wiping away corruption and allowing for a new beginning. The number forty is significant in Jewish tradition, often representing a period of transition or purification (e.g., Moshe spent forty days on Har Sinai receiving the Torah).

Symbolism of Forty

Rambam (Moreh Nevuchim 2:30) explains that numbers in the Torah often carry deeper meanings. The forty days of rain symbolize a complete cycle of judgment and renewal. The Midrash (Bereshit Rabbah 32:5) elaborates that the floodwaters were not merely punitive but also served to cleanse the earth of its spiritual impurity, much like the mikveh purifies through immersion.

The Dual Mention of Day and Night

The Talmud (Chullin 56a) notes that the Torah specifies both "day and night" to emphasize the unceasing nature of the rainfall—there was no respite, underscoring the severity of the decree. The Zohar (1:67a) adds that this continuous downpour reflects the removal of divine mercy during this period, leaving only strict judgment.

• Rashi: Connects the forty days to fetal development, symbolizing rebirth.
• Rambam: Views the number forty as representing a complete cycle of divine judgment.
• Midrash: Compares the floodwaters to a mikveh, purifying the earth.
• Talmud & Zohar: Highlight the unrelenting nature of the rain as a sign of strict justice.