Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does 'Be fruitful and multiply' mean in Genesis 1:22?
A: The phrase 'Be fruitful and multiply' (פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ) is a divine commandment given to the creatures of the sea and birds to reproduce and fill their respective habitats. According to Rashi, this blessing ensures the continuity of these species, showing Hashem's care for all creation.
Q: Why is this blessing important in the Torah?
A: This blessing highlights the importance of reproduction and the perpetuation of life, a theme central to Creation. The Rambam explains that this commandment reflects the natural order established by Hashem, where all creatures have a role in maintaining ecological balance.
Q: Does this verse apply to humans as well?
A: While this specific verse addresses sea creatures and birds, a similar commandment is given to humans in Genesis 1:28 ('Be fruitful and multiply, and fill the earth'). The Talmud (Yevamot 65b) discusses this as the first mitzvah given to mankind, emphasizing its importance in Jewish tradition.
Q: What can we learn from God blessing the animals?
A: This teaches us that Hashem values all life, not just human life. The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah) explains that every creature has a purpose in Hashem's plan, and this blessing shows His kindness in sustaining all beings.
Q: How does this verse relate to environmental responsibility today?
A: Since Hashem commanded creatures to thrive and fill their habitats, we learn the importance of preserving ecosystems. Jewish tradition, as discussed in the Shulchan Aruch (Choshen Mishpat), teaches bal tashchit (do not destroy), urging us to protect wildlife and natural resources.
The Blessing of Procreation
The verse (Bereishit 1:22) records Hashem's blessing to the creatures of the sea and the birds to "be fruitful and multiply." This is the first instance of the mitzvah of peru urevu (procreation) in the Torah. Rashi explains that this blessing was necessary because all creatures are subject to death, and without reproduction, species would cease to exist. The Sforno adds that this blessing endowed these creatures with the natural ability to reproduce abundantly.
Distinct Blessings for Different Creatures
The verse contains two distinct commands:
The Foundation for Human Procreation
While this verse addresses animals, the Gemara (Yevamot 65b) derives from here that humans are also commanded in procreation. The Rambam (Hilchot Ishut 15:2) rules that this mitzvah is primarily incumbent upon men, based on the similar language used in the blessing to Adam (Bereishit 1:28). The Midrash (Bereishit Rabbah 8:12) explains that all creatures were given this blessing, but humans have the additional responsibility to partner with Hashem in continuing Creation.
The Concept of "Brachah" (Blessing)
The Ohr HaChaim highlights that a divine blessing is not merely a wish but an actual endowment of capacity. When Hashem blesses the creatures with fertility, He implants within their nature the ability to fulfill this command. The Malbim explains that this blessing created the natural laws of reproduction that govern all species until today.