Exodus 38:7 - Portable altar's hidden structure

Explanation of the Verse

The verse describes the construction of the altar (מִזְבֵּחַ) in the Mishkan (Tabernacle), specifically how the poles (בַּדִּים) were inserted into the rings (טַּבָּעֹת) on its sides for transportation. The altar was made hollow (נְבוּב לֻחֹת) with boards, allowing it to be carried during the Israelites' journeys in the wilderness.

Rashi's Commentary

Rashi (Exodus 38:7) explains that the phrase "נְבוּב לֻחֹת" (hollow with boards) means the altar was not solid but constructed with an empty interior. This design made it lighter for transport. He further notes that the poles were inserted into the rings "לָשֵׂאת אֹתוֹ בָּהֶם" (to carry it with them), emphasizing their functional purpose in the Mishkan's mobility.

Rambam's Insight

In Hilchot Beit HaBechirah (2:12), the Rambam (Maimonides) discusses the design of the altar, stating that its hollow structure was a deliberate feature to ensure it could be transported without undue difficulty. He also highlights that the poles were never removed from the rings, as derived from the Torah's wording, indicating their permanent attachment for readiness in travel.

Midrashic Perspective

The Midrash Tanchuma (Pekudei 11) elaborates on the symbolism of the hollow altar, teaching that its emptiness represents humility before Hashem. Just as the altar was not filled with arrogance (symbolized by solidity), so too must a person approach divine service with a humble heart. The poles, always in place, signify the constant readiness to serve, whether in the wilderness or in settled lands.

Talmudic Discussion

The Talmud (Zevachim 59b) examines the practical implications of the altar's construction, noting that the hollow design prevented the boards from warping due to heat from the sacrifices. The Sages derive from this that even functional details in the Mishkan carried spiritual lessons—here, the importance of durability in avodah (service).

• Functional Purpose: The hollow design and poles facilitated transport, reflecting the Mishkan's role as a mobile sanctuary.
• Spiritual Lesson: The structure teaches humility (נְבוּב as "empty") and readiness (permanent poles) in divine service.
• Halachic Detail: The poles' permanence is derived from the verse's phrasing, as codified by later halachic authorities.