Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Who were Betzalel and Aholiav mentioned in Exodus 36:2?
A: Betzalel and Aholiav were the chief craftsmen appointed by Hashem to oversee the construction of the Mishkan (Tabernacle). Betzalel was from the tribe of Judah, and Aholiav was from the tribe of Dan. According to Rashi, Betzalel was chosen because of his wisdom and divine inspiration (ruach hakodesh). The Talmud (Berachot 55a) explains that Betzalel knew how to combine the letters with which heaven and earth were created, showing his deep spiritual understanding.
Q: What does it mean that Hashem gave wisdom to 'wise-hearted' people in this verse?
A: The term 'wise-hearted' (חֲכַם־לֵב) refers to those who were granted special wisdom by Hashem to carry out the sacred work of building the Mishkan. Ramban explains that this was not just ordinary skill but divine inspiration (ruach hakodesh) that enabled them to perform intricate craftsmanship for a holy purpose. The Midrash (Shemot Rabbah 48:4) teaches that their wisdom was a gift from Hashem to fulfill this mitzvah properly.
Q: Why does the verse say 'whose heart stirred him up to come to the work'?
A: This phrase emphasizes that the craftsmen were not just skilled but also had a sincere desire (התנדבות) to participate in the holy work of the Mishkan. The Sforno explains that their hearts were motivated by pure devotion to Hashem, not personal gain. The Talmud (Yoma 72b) teaches that when someone approaches a mitzvah with enthusiasm, Hashem assists them in completing it successfully.
Q: What lesson can we learn from Exodus 36:2 about using our talents?
A: This verse teaches that when Hashem gives a person wisdom or skill, it should be used for a holy purpose (לשם שמים). The Kli Yakar explains that Betzalel and the wise-hearted men dedicated their talents entirely to the Mishkan, showing that our abilities are gifts from Hashem to be used in His service. This applies today by using our skills—whether in art, construction, or other fields—for mitzvot and community needs.
Q: How does this verse relate to teamwork in Jewish tradition?
A: The verse highlights that building the Mishkan required collaboration among many skilled individuals. The Midrash (Bamidbar Rabbah 12:16) notes that Betzalel (from the prestigious tribe of Judah) and Aholiav (from the less prominent tribe of Dan) worked together, teaching that all Jews, regardless of background, contribute to holy work. This reinforces the Jewish value of unity (אחדות) in fulfilling mitzvot.
The Calling of the Craftsmen
The verse (Shemot 35:30) describes Moshe Rabbeinu summoning Betzalel, Aholiav, and all the chacham lev (wise-hearted individuals) to participate in the construction of the Mishkan. Rashi explains that Betzalel was specifically chosen by Hashem for his wisdom in understanding the divine instructions, even those not explicitly stated. The term chacham lev emphasizes that true wisdom is not merely intellectual but stems from a heart attuned to divine service.
Divine Wisdom and Human Initiative
The phrase "asher nasa'o libo" (whose heart stirred him) highlights the importance of personal motivation in avodas Hashem. The Ramban notes that while Hashem endowed these individuals with wisdom, their willingness to step forward was crucial. This teaches that divine assistance (siyata d'Shemaya) follows human effort and sincere desire to contribute to sacred work.
Betzalel's Unique Role
Midrash Tanchuma (Pekudei 11) elaborates that Betzalel's name—meaning "in the shadow of G-d"—reflected his ability to grasp the deeper mysteries of the Mishkan's construction. The Talmud (Berachos 55a) states that Betzalel understood how to combine the letters with which heaven and earth were created, indicating his mastery of both physical craftsmanship and spiritual wisdom.
The Partnership of Betzalel and Aholiav
Their collaboration symbolizes unity among Klal Yisrael in fulfilling a shared sacred mission.
Practical Lessons
The Kli Yakar emphasizes that the Mishkan's construction required both divinely inspired wisdom and voluntary participation. This serves as a model for all generations: when undertaking mitzvos, we must combine our talents with heartfelt enthusiasm, trusting that Hashem will guide those who sincerely seek to serve Him.