Exodus 20:18 - Moshe enters divine darkness alone

The People's Distance and Moshe's Approach

The verse (Shemot 20:18) describes the contrasting reactions of Bnei Yisrael and Moshe Rabbeinu during Matan Torah. Rashi explains that the people "stood afar off" out of fear and awe after witnessing the thunder, lightning, and shofar blasts at Har Sinai. In contrast, Moshe confidently "drew near to the thick darkness," demonstrating his unique spiritual level and closeness to Hashem.

The Nature of the "Arafel" (Thick Darkness)

The term arafel is interpreted in several ways by our commentators:

• Ramban explains it refers to the cloud where Hashem's presence was manifest, similar to the cloud in the Mishkan (Shemot 40:34).
• Sforno suggests it represents the profound concealment of divine wisdom, which Moshe alone was worthy to penetrate.
• Midrash Tanchuma (Yitro 16) teaches that this darkness was one of seven things created before the world, representing the hidden mysteries of Torah.

Moshe's Unique Spiritual Capacity

The Mechilta emphasizes that Moshe's ability to approach the arafel demonstrates his superior prophetic level. While the people could only experience Hashem's revelation from a distance, Moshe could enter the divine presence directly. The Kli Yakar notes this foreshadows Moshe's future role as the intermediary who would receive the complete Torah on behalf of the nation.

Lessons in Divine Service

The Baal HaTurim highlights the contrast as a model for different approaches to avodat Hashem:

• The people's distance represents the awe and reverence necessary when approaching divine matters.
• Moshe's approach demonstrates that through proper preparation and spiritual growth, one can achieve greater closeness to Hashem.

This duality remains relevant - while all Jews must maintain reverence for Torah, we are encouraged to follow Moshe's example by striving for deeper understanding and connection.