Deuteronomy 25:18 - Amalek preys on the weak.

Context of the Verse

This verse (Devarim 25:18) describes the actions of Amalek, who attacked Bnei Yisrael shortly after their exodus from Mitzrayim. The Torah recounts how Amalek targeted the weak and weary among the Israelites, displaying a lack of fear of Hashem.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi (Devarim 25:18) explains that the phrase "וַיְזַנֵּב בְּךָ" ("and smote the hindmost of thee") refers to Amalek's strategy of attacking the stragglers at the rear of the Israelite camp—those who were physically or spiritually weak. Rashi emphasizes that Amalek specifically targeted those who had been cast out of the "ענני הכבוד" (Clouds of Glory) due to their sins, making them vulnerable.

Ibn Ezra's Insight

Ibn Ezra notes that the phrase "וְאַתָּה עָיֵף וְיָגֵעַ" ("when thou wast faint and weary") highlights the cruelty of Amalek, who attacked when Bnei Yisrael were exhausted from their journey. This reflects Amalek's cowardly nature, as they avoided direct confrontation with the stronger members of the nation.

Midrashic Interpretation

The Midrash (Tanchuma, Ki Teitzei 9) elaborates that Amalek's attack was not merely physical but also spiritual. By targeting the weak, they sought to undermine the moral and divine protection of Klal Yisrael. The phrase "וְלֹא יָרֵא אֱלֹהִים" ("and he feared not God") underscores Amalek's brazen defiance of divine authority, setting them apart as an eternal enemy of Hashem's people.

Rambam's Perspective

Rambam (Hilchot Melachim 5:4) cites this verse as the basis for the mitzvah to eradicate Amalek. He explains that Amalek's attack was not a typical act of war but a deliberate assault on the sanctity of Hashem's nation, demonstrating their rejection of divine providence.

Key Lessons

• Protection of the Vulnerable: The verse teaches the importance of safeguarding the weak, as their vulnerability can be exploited by enemies.
• Amalek's Eternal Threat: Amalek represents the archetype of those who oppose Hashem's will, and their memory serves as a warning against complacency in avodat Hashem.
• Divine Justice: The severity of Amalek's punishment reflects the gravity of attacking Klal Yisrael, who are under Hashem's protection.