Frequently Asked Questions
Q: What does Deuteronomy 20:4 mean?
A: Deuteronomy 20:4 reassures the Jewish people that Hashem (God) is with them in battle, fighting alongside them against their enemies to bring them salvation. According to Rashi, this verse emphasizes that victory does not depend on human strength alone, but on divine assistance when the people are faithful to God's commandments.
Q: Why is this verse important in Judaism?
A: This verse is important because it teaches the fundamental Jewish belief in divine providence—that Hashem actively protects and fights for the Jewish people when they uphold their covenant with Him. The Rambam (Maimonides) discusses this concept in Hilchot Melachim (Laws of Kings), explaining that trust in God is essential even during times of war.
Q: How does this verse apply to our lives today?
A: While we are not engaged in physical wars today, this verse reminds us to trust in Hashem during personal or communal struggles. The Midrash teaches that every generation faces its own 'enemies'—whether spiritual, moral, or societal—and we must rely on God's help while doing our part to overcome challenges.
Q: Does this mean Jews don't need to fight their own battles?
A: No, Jewish tradition (as explained in the Talmud, Sotah 44b) teaches that while God assists, human effort is still required. This is known as 'hishtadlut' (making an effort). The verse assures divine support, but the Jewish people must still prepare for battle and act responsibly, as seen in the laws of war in Deuteronomy 20.
Q: What can we learn from this verse about facing difficulties?
A: We learn that with faith in Hashem and proper effort, we can overcome obstacles. The Sforno explains that this verse encourages us to recognize that ultimate success comes from God, giving us strength and confidence when facing life's battles, whether personal or collective.
Divine Assistance in Battle
The verse (Devarim 20:4) emphasizes that Hashem accompanies Bnei Yisrael in battle to fight for them and grant them salvation. Rashi explains that this promise is contingent upon the people's merit and trust in Hashem, not their military strength. The phrase "הַהֹלֵךְ עִמָּכֶם" ("who goes with you") underscores that divine assistance is not automatic but depends on spiritual readiness.
Conditions for Divine Intervention
Rambam (Hilchot Melachim 7:15) elaborates that when Israel goes to war, they must first seek peace (based on Devarim 20:10) and only engage in battle if necessary. The presence of the Kohen Mashuach Milchama (anointed priest for war) and the removal of those unfit for battle (Devarim 20:5-8) further highlight that victory comes from righteousness, not numbers.
Midrashic Insights
Theological Implications
The verse reinforces the principle of השגחה פרטית (divine providence), teaching that even in warfare, success is ultimately from Hashem. The Ramban (Devarim 20:1) notes that this promise applies specifically to milchemet mitzvah (obligatory wars), where reliance on miracles is permissible, unlike discretionary wars.
Practical Lessons
This verse remains relevant today, reminding us that: