Deuteronomy 19:9 - Love God, gain refuge cities?

Context of the Verse

The verse appears in Devarim (Deuteronomy) 19:9, within the broader discussion of the cities of refuge (arei miklat). The Torah commands the establishment of three such cities in Eretz Yisrael, with the promise that if Bnei Yisrael fully observe the mitzvot, three additional cities will be designated.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi (Devarim 19:9) clarifies that the three additional cities would be established in the territories of Ever HaYarden (Transjordan), which were already allotted to the tribes of Reuven, Gad, and half of Menashe. However, since these tribes were exiled before the other tribes, the fulfillment of this mitzvah was contingent upon the complete settlement of all of Eretz Yisrael and the observance of the Torah's commandments.

Rambam's Perspective

Rambam (Mishneh Torah, Hilchot Rotzeach 8:4) explains that the three additional cities were never actually established because the tribes across the Jordan were exiled before the other tribes entered the land. This teaches that the mitzvah was conditional upon the complete and proper settlement of the land by all twelve tribes.

The Connection to Love of Hashem

The verse links the observance of mitzvot to loving Hashem and walking in His ways. The Sforno (Devarim 19:9) emphasizes that true observance of mitzvot must stem from love of Hashem, not mere habit or rote performance. Only when Bnei Yisrael serve Hashem with genuine love and devotion will they merit the additional cities of refuge.

Midrashic Insight

The Midrash Tanchuma (Masei 8) connects the cities of refuge to the concept of teshuvah (repentance). Just as these cities provided physical refuge, sincere repentance provides spiritual refuge. The promise of additional cities symbolizes the expanded opportunities for repentance and Divine mercy when the Jewish people fulfill the Torah with love.

Practical Implications

• The verse teaches that mitzvot must be performed with love of Hashem, not merely as mechanical actions.
• The conditional promise of additional cities underscores the importance of national unity and collective responsibility in fulfilling the Torah.
• It highlights the connection between proper observance of mitzvot and the physical and spiritual security of the Jewish people in their land.