Deuteronomy 10:3 - Ark holds second tablets' holiness

The Ark of Shittim Wood

The verse describes Moshe Rabbeinu making an ark of shittim (acacia) wood. Rashi (Devarim 10:3) explains that this was a temporary ark, distinct from the one crafted by Betzalel for the Mishkan. The Midrash Tanchuma (Ki Tisa 31) teaches that this ark was made to hold the second set of Luchot until the permanent ark was completed, demonstrating Moshe's urgency to safeguard the Torah even before the Mishkan was fully constructed.

The Second Tablets

Moshe hewed new tablets "like the first ones" (ka'rishonim). The Ramban (Devarim 10:1) notes that this implies they were identical in size, shape, and material, but the Talmud (Bava Batra 14b) states a key difference: the first tablets were entirely the work of Hashem, while the second were hewn by Moshe and inscribed by Hashem. This teaches that even after sin, sincere repentance can restore a relationship with Hashem, though it may not be identical to the original state.

The Ascent with the Tablets

The verse emphasizes that Moshe ascended with both tablets in his hand. The Kli Yakar (Devarim 10:3) highlights that carrying both tablets together symbolizes the unity of the Torah's mitzvot between man and Hashem (the two tablets representing mitzvot between man and G-d, and between man and his fellow). This unity was restored after the sin of the golden calf, showing that complete Torah observance requires both dimensions.

• Shittim Wood: Chizkuni notes this wood was chosen for its durability and resistance to decay, symbolizing the eternal nature of Torah.
• Hewing the Tablets: Sforno explains that Moshe's action in hewing the stones demonstrated his complete submission to Hashem's command after the breaking of the first tablets.
• Ascent to the Mountain: The Ohr HaChaim emphasizes that Moshe's ascent with the tablets in hand shows his role as the faithful intermediary, bringing the Divine word to the people.