Exodus 19:23 - Boundaries before holiness?

Context of the Verse

The verse (Shemot 19:23) appears in the narrative leading up to Matan Torah (the Giving of the Torah) at Har Sinai. Moshe Rabbeinu is responding to Hashem's instruction to warn the people not to ascend the mountain or even touch its borders. Moshe emphasizes that the people are already aware of these boundaries, as they had been previously commanded to sanctify the mountain and set limits around it.

Rashi's Explanation

Rashi (Shemot 19:23) explains that Moshe's statement, "The people cannot come up to Mount Sinai," is not a contradiction to Hashem's command but rather a clarification. Moshe is emphasizing that the people are already mindful of the prohibition due to the earlier command (Shemot 19:12) to set boundaries. Rashi highlights Moshe's role as a faithful messenger, ensuring that the divine instructions are properly understood and followed.

Rambam's Perspective on Boundaries

Rambam (Hilchot Yesodei HaTorah 7:13) discusses the concept of boundaries in the context of kedushah (holiness). The prohibition against ascending Har Sinai reflects the principle that physical proximity to divine revelation requires preparation and restraint. The boundaries serve as a safeguard to instill reverence and prevent unauthorized access to sacred space.

Midrashic Insights

• The Mechilta (Yitro, Massechta DeBahodesh 3) elaborates that the boundaries were not merely physical but also spiritual. The people needed to purify themselves for three days (Shemot 19:10-11) before even approaching the mountain, demonstrating that kedushah requires both external and internal preparation.
• The Sifrei (Devarim 343) compares the boundaries of Har Sinai to the boundaries of the Beit HaMikdash, teaching that sacred spaces demand respect and separation to maintain their sanctity.

Moshe's Role as Intermediary

Rabbeinu Bachya (Shemot 19:23) notes that Moshe's words underscore his role as the faithful shepherd of Israel. By reminding Hashem of the earlier command, Moshe demonstrates his attentiveness to both the divine will and the people's spiritual readiness. This reflects the principle of shlucho shel adam k'moso (an agent is like the sender himself), as Moshe faithfully conveys and upholds Hashem's directives.

Practical Lessons

• The boundaries teach the importance of respecting limits in avodat Hashem (divine service). Just as Har Sinai required separation, so too do mitzvot require proper intent and boundaries.
• Moshe's dialogue with Hashem models the importance of clarity in transmitting Torah, ensuring that halachic boundaries are understood and observed.