Genesis 14:24 - Allies deserve their rightful portion.

Context of the Verse

This verse (Bereshit 14:24) appears in the narrative where Avraham returns from his victory over the four kings who had captured his nephew Lot. Avraham refuses to take any spoils from the king of Sodom, declaring that he will not profit from the war. However, he makes an exception for the provisions consumed by his young men and the share due to his allies—Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre.

Avraham's Ethical Stance

Rashi explains that Avraham's refusal to take spoils was rooted in his desire to avoid any implication that his wealth came from human hands rather than from Hashem. This aligns with Avraham's broader trait of bitachon (trust in G-d), as he did not want to owe his prosperity to the king of Sodom, a wicked ruler. However, he permitted his allies and young men to take their rightful shares, as they had legitimately earned them through their participation in the battle.

The Role of Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre

According to the Midrash (Bereshit Rabbah 43:2), Aner, Eshkol, and Mamre were Avraham's confidants and allies who had supported him both spiritually and militarily. Ramban notes that these men were righteous individuals who had entered into a covenant with Avraham (Bereshit 14:13). Their share was not considered a "gift" from the king of Sodom but rather a rightful compensation for their efforts in the war.

Halachic Implications

The Talmud (Sanhedrin 16a) derives from this verse principles regarding the distribution of wartime spoils:

• Those who participate in a battle are entitled to a share of the spoils, even if they did not directly engage in combat.
• Allies who provide support (logistical or otherwise) have a legitimate claim to compensation.
• Ethical boundaries must be maintained even in victory, as demonstrated by Avraham's refusal to personally benefit.

Moral Lesson

The Sforno highlights that Avraham's distinction between personal gain and the rights of others teaches the importance of fairness and integrity. While Avraham himself abstained from taking spoils to avoid even the appearance of impropriety, he ensured that his companions received their due, reinforcing the principle of din v'cheshbon (justice and accountability) in all dealings.